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Human beings are relentlessly capable of reflecting on - UNESP 2023

Human beings are relentlessly capable of reflecting on themselves. We might do something out of habit, but then we can begin to reflect on the habit. We can habitually think things, and then reflect on what we are thinking. We can ask ourselves (or sometimes we get asked by other people) whether we know what we are talking about. To answer that we need to reflect on our own positions, our own understanding of what we are saying, our own sources of authority. Cosmologists have to pause from solving mathematical equations with the letter t in them, and ask what is meant, for instance, by the flow of time or the direction of time or the beginning of time. But at that point, whether they recognize it or not, they become philosophers.

(Simon Blackburn. Think: A compelling introduction to philosophy, 1999. Adaptado.)

No texto, o autor explicita a presença da atitude filosófica a partir

1. do estudo da relevância das sensações.

2. da identificação de regras da argumentação.

3. da avaliação da moralidade dos indivíduos.

4. da análise de formas de governo.

5. do questionamento das bases do conhecimento.

Solução